{"id":150050,"date":"2019-05-22T06:30:45","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T10:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/?p=150050"},"modified":"2019-05-23T12:39:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T16:39:00","slug":"new-3d-printed-technology-lowers-cost-decades-old-medical-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/2019\/05\/new-3d-printed-technology-lowers-cost-decades-old-medical-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"New 3D-Printed Technology Lowers Cost of Common Medical Test"},"content":{"rendered":"

A desire for a simpler, cheaper way to do common laboratory tests for medical diagnoses and to avoid \u201cwashing the dishes\u201d led University of Connecticut researchers to develop a new technology that reduces cost and time.<\/p>\n

Their pipette-based technology could also help make certain medical testing available in rural or remote areas where traditional methods might otherwise be prohibitively expensive and complicated to conduct.<\/p>\n

The 3D-printed pipette-tip test developed by the researchers leverages what \u201chas long been the gold standard for measuring proteins, pathogens, antibodies and other biomolecules in complex matrices,\u201d they say. The method still employs the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also known as ELISA, but through a different route. They detailed their findings in a paper recently published online in Analytical Chemistry<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
UConn graduate student Mohamed Sharafeldin, and his advisor, chemistry professor James Rusling, developed a way to 3D print a pipette tip. (Sean Flynn\/UConn Photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For 30 years or more, ELISA has been used to test blood, cells and other biological samples for everything from certain cancers to HIV, from Lyme disease to pernicious anemia.<\/p>\n

Traditional ELISA tests are performed on plates featuring 96 micro-wells; each well works as a separate testing chamber where samples can be combined with various agents that will then react with the sample, typically by changing color. Technicians can then analyze whether a sample contains indicators of a particular disease or condition depending on the intensity of the color produced during the reaction.<\/p>\n

While effective and accurate, the equipment used to run ELISA is expensive \u2013 often costing thousands of dollars to install in a lab \u2013\u00a0and requires specialized training to conduct testing, as improper techniques can lead to incorrect results. The agents used in the actual tests \u2013 usually various forms of antibodies \u2013 can be expensive as well.<\/p>\n

Like many research laboratories, James Rusling’s chemistry lab where research assistant Mohamed Sharafeldin and his primary collaborator, Karteek Kadimisetty \u201918 Ph.D., conducted their work, doesn\u2019t have an automated ELISA washing machine, meaning that plates being used for tests must be manually washed \u2013 a time consuming and difficult process.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe ELISA washing techniques take forever,\u201d said Sharafeldin, who is currently working toward his doctorate in chemistry. \u201cIt\u2019s very tough, especially in a lab like ours. We don\u2019t have those kind of fancy washing machines.”<\/p>\n

When Kadimisetty was running ELISA one day, he mentioned, “I wish doing ELISA was as simple as pipetting.” That offhand comment was the impetus for what followed: a design for a 3D-printed adapter for commonly used pipettes that could run an ELISA test right in the pipette tip, without the need for a traditional ELISA plate and the expensive equipment that goes with it.<\/p>\n

Each single-use pipette tip represents one micro-well on an ELISA plate; the researchers also designed a multi-tipped version that allows for eight tips to be pipetted at the same time. The tips fit snugly onto most pipettes used in laboratory settings, making fluid handling much easier than with the standard ELISA plate.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe didn\u2019t want to make a big change in the traditional ELISA; we just made engineered, controlled changes,\u201d Sharafeldin said. \u201cSo, the basics are the same. We use the same antibodies at the same concentrations that they use with conventional or traditional ELISA, so we are using the same protocols. Anything that can be run by normal ELISA can be run by this, with the advantage of being less expensive, much faster and accessible.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers tested the pipette tips on samples from prostate cancer patients and found not only were the test results from the tips as accurate as ELISA tests, they were able to conduct the tests with one-tenth of the amount of testing agent \u2013 significantly reducing the overall cost of the test \u2013 and at a fraction of the time. Tests conducted by different users with different levels of skill ultimately demonstrated the same results.<\/p>\n

Traditional ELISA plate micro-wells hold 400 microliters of fluids each, but the reactions needed to measure test results only occur on the plastic walls of the well. While the 3D-printed ELISA tips hold only 50 microliters, the design of the reservoir inside the tip dramatically increases the surface area where reactions occur, allowing the researchers to use much less of the costly antibodies used to conduct the test, and significantly reducing the time needed to process the test and read the results.<\/p>\n

\u201cHere we have a chamber where the reaction happens at all points,\u201d Sharafeldin said, referring to the pipette tip design. \u201cThis reduces the time of the assay, which is an important thing, because the ELISA assay takes from five to eight hours to run. This one can be run in 90 minutes.\u201d<\/p>\n

The pipette tips also don\u2019t require an expensive or sophisticated plate reader to determine test results, as ELISA tests do. In the trials with the prostate cancer samples, the pipette tip results were accurately read by taking a cell phone photo and using a free app that measures color intensities in the image.<\/p>\n

The benefit, Sharafeldin said, is that the user conducting the test with the pipette tips doesn\u2019t have to be a scientist; they just need simple pipetting instructions, then to take a photograph and send it to a technician who could remotely read the results to help make a diagnosis \u2013 potentially providing new, lower-cost testing options in rural or isolated areas where establishing a traditional ELISA lab would prove challenging and expensive.<\/p>\n

While additional sample testing is needed, Sharafeldin is optimistic about the future potential for the pipette tip design to reduce costs. He is also engaging with engineers to design an automated, vacuum-assisted pipette that would further ease the use of the pipette tips and the conducting of ELISA tests, and would be available for significantly less cost than traditional ELISA equipment.<\/p>\n

In addition to Sharafeldin, Kadimisetty and Rusling, collaborators include Ketki R. Bhalerao, Itti Bist, Abby Jones, Tianqi Chen; and Norman H. Lee, professor of\u00a0 pharmacology and physiology at George Washington University.<\/p>\n

The project was supported by a UConn Academic Plan Grant and partially supported by Grant No. EB016707 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

‘Anything that can be run by normal ELISA can be run by this, with the advantage of being less expensive, much faster, and accessible,’ says UConn’s Mohamed Sharafeldin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":150167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_series":0,"wds_primary_attribution":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2226,2459,2076,1875,2225],"tags":[],"magazine-issues":[],"coauthors":[2168],"class_list":["post-150050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clas","category-graduate-students","category-research","category-grad-school","category-uconn-storrs"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-29 05:33:09","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/users\/134"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150050"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150360,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150050\/revisions\/150360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media\/150167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=150050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=150050"},{"taxonomy":"magazine-issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/magazine-issues?post=150050"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=150050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}