{"id":184023,"date":"2022-04-11T07:15:35","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T11:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/?p=184023"},"modified":"2022-04-06T13:42:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:42:47","slug":"how-the-test-to-treat-initiative-aims-to-get-ahead-of-the-next-wave-of-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/2022\/04\/how-the-test-to-treat-initiative-aims-to-get-ahead-of-the-next-wave-of-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"How the ‘Test to Treat’ Initiative Aims to Get Ahead of the Next Wave of COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

Going into the third year of the pandemic, public health experts are developing strategies to work within communities to have a more nimble and rapid response to COVID-19 infection rates.<\/em><\/p>\n

Michael White, a professor of pharmacy practice, and Adrian V. Hernandez, a clinical epidemiologist, explain how the Biden administration\u2019s new \u201ctest to treat\u201d initiative will make use of pharmacies in this effort. The strategy is to quickly identify those who are positive for COVID-19 and to provide oral antiviral treatments in the early days of illness when it is deemed necessary \u2013 all through the easy access of a local pharmacy. And they discuss how the strategy falls short of addressing the needs of underserved communities.<\/em><\/p>\n

What is the premise behind the initiative?<\/strong><\/p>\n

In his March 2022 State of the Union address, President Joe Biden introduced the \u201ctest to treat\u201d initiative<\/a>, a program designed to help reduce barriers to getting COVID-19 treatments in the early stages of illness. The goal is for people to be able to walk into a pharmacy with a health clinic staffed by nurse practitioners, physician assistants or physicians and to be tested for COVID-19 free of charge; if a person tests positive and treatment is deemed appropriate, oral antiviral therapy can be prescribed on the spot at no cost.<\/p>\n

The premise is that the sooner people are tested, the sooner they can self-isolate to limit the spread of the disease while simultaneously receiving\u00a0oral antiviral medications<\/a>\u00a0to help prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19.<\/p>\n

How might this initiative help curb the next wave of COVID-19?<\/strong><\/p>\n

As of March 31, 2022, more than\u00a01 million<\/a>\u00a0out of\u00a0332.6 million people<\/a>\u00a0or 3 in 1,000 people living in the U.S., have died from COVID-19. In contrast,\u00a016,230 people<\/a>\u00a0out of\u00a051.8 million<\/a>\u00a0or 3 in 10,000 South Koreans have died from COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Some countries, such as\u00a0South Korea<\/a>\u00a0and New Zealand, invested heavily in COVID-19 testing and\u00a0contact tracing<\/a>\u00a0early in the pandemic so those at higher risk of infection could be tested immediately and isolated early. And they implemented contract tracing \u2013 the process of identifying friends, family and co-workers who may have come into contact with the infected person \u2013 early on to help slow the spread of infection.<\/p>\n

Another advantage of early COVID-19 testing is that infected people can be treated much sooner. A new meta-analysis of oral antiviral therapies found that such treatments reduced the\u00a0risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 by nearly 67%<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Starting therapy early<\/a>\u00a0is key. Early studies with the injectable antiviral remdesivir found that people\u00a0did not benefit<\/a>\u00a0from the treatment at later stages of illness. Clinical trials for the newest oral antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, required that patients be treated within\u00a0five days of the beginning of their symptoms<\/a>. So combining early testing with immediate access to free oral antiviral therapy could make a huge difference, especially for those with limited access to traditional health care services.<\/p>\n

A more rigorous and proactive testing program in the U.S. could especially benefit underserved communities with limited health care access. For instance, in the first half of the pandemic, a study found that for every 10,000 people who tested positive for COVID-19, more than\u00a030 Hispanic patients and nearly 25 Black patients were hospitalized<\/a>, compared with only 16 Asian patients and seven white patients.<\/p>\n

What are the limitations of the initiative?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Only about 2,800 of the\u00a0approximately 50,000 retail pharmacies<\/a>\u00a0in the U.S.\u00a0have health clinics<\/a>\u00a0staffed by nurse practitioners, physician assistants or physicians, and about a third of them are located in California, Florida, Illinois, Minnesota and Texas. And\u00a0only 12.5%<\/a>\u00a0of these retail clinics are located in medically underserved areas.<\/p>\n

This leaves much of the country, and especially populations who suffer disproportionately from health disparities, left out of the \u201ctest to treat\u201d initiative. But\u00a095% of Americans<\/a>\u00a0live within 5 miles (8 kilometers) of one of more than 41,000 community pharmacies. If those settings were part of the initiative, access and impact would be much more widespread and equitable. The pharmacy is often the sole health care setting that can alleviate the problem of\u00a0health care deserts<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 areas that\u00a0lack sufficient access<\/a>\u00a0to medical offices in inner-city and rural communities.<\/p>\n

At the height of the omicron surge, between\u00a0890,000 and 904,000 people<\/a>\u00a0in the U.S. were diagnosed with COVID-19 daily.\u00a0Physicians\u2019 offices<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0emergency departments<\/a>\u00a0were highly stressed. So adding only 2,800 retail health clinics \u2013 which are also dealing with heavy demands outside of COVID-19 \u2013 to rapidly test and disseminate oral antiviral drugs across the nation is unlikely to make a major dent in handling a COVID-19 surge. And there would be virtually no impact on COVID-19 outcomes in underserved communities, which would continue to have limited access.<\/p>\n

Could pharmacists play a bigger role in the initiative?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Our research<\/a>\u00a0shows\u00a0great variations<\/a>\u00a0in how pharmacists are allowed to practice in the U.S. In hospitals across the country as well as federal health clinics run by the\u00a0Department of Veterans Affairs, Indian Health Service and Department of Defense<\/a>, pharmacists are fully integrated health professionals who can order lab tests and interpret their results, order or alter drug therapy and actively monitor a patient\u2019s drug response.<\/p>\n

The data supporting the positive impact that\u00a0pharmacist-provided services<\/a>\u00a0have on\u00a0patient health<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0undeniable<\/a>. For example,\u00a0pharmacist-run hypertension<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0diabetes<\/a>\u00a0clinics help patients achieve their blood pressure and blood sugar goals better than the standard treatment provided in physicians\u2019 offices.<\/p>\n

But pharmacists are not currently recognized as\u00a0Medicare Part B providers<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 health professionals allowed to bill Medicaid for clinical services. So pharmacists are limited in their ability to provide clinical services in the community.<\/p>\n

What can be done to address access issues?<\/strong><\/p>\n

To broaden access, the Department of Health and Human Services authorized pharmacists to provide COVID-19 vaccines in community pharmacies or long-term care facilities in\u00a0September 2020<\/a>. Since that time, pharmacists from more than 41,000 pharmacies have administered\u00a0233.4 million vaccine doses<\/a>\u00a0as of early April 2022. This includes\u00a046% of all COVID-19 vaccinations<\/a>\u00a0in children ages 5-11.<\/p>\n

A similar authorization could be granted to allow\u00a0pharmacists to provide oral antiviral drugs<\/a>\u00a0to patients with positive COVID-19 tests who meet the criteria.<\/p>\n

Alternatively, a bill that has been proposed with bipartisan support in the\u00a0House of Representatives<\/a>\u00a0aims to ensure that all communities have access to testing and drug treatment by a pharmacist.<\/p>\n

However, the\u00a0American Medical Association<\/a>\u00a0has taken a stand against \u201ctest to treat\u201d in pharmacies, whether or not they have a health clinic with nurse practitioners and physician assistants in them. The organization states that the large number of drug interactions with these antivirals, the complexities of COVID-19 disease and the lack of full access to patients\u2019 medical records suggests that patients testing positive for COVID-19 should solely contact their physician to discuss treatment options.<\/p>\n

But this position does not take into consideration the\u00a0medical conditions pharmacists<\/a>\u00a0already\u00a0successfully manage<\/a>, such as\u00a0heart failure<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0blood clotting<\/a>. And it does not address how to care for the\u00a025% of patients<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 largely in underserved communities \u2013 who do not have a primary care physician or access to a health clinic within a pharmacy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Originally published in The Conversation.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A promising strategy of early detection and treatment, but a number of hurdles remain in place<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":184024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_series":0,"wds_primary_attribution":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2213,1864,2235],"tags":[],"magazine-issues":[],"coauthors":[1902],"class_list":["post-184023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus","category-pharm","category-today-homepage"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-08 18:42:45","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/users\/68"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184023"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":184116,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184023\/revisions\/184116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media\/184024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184023"},{"taxonomy":"magazine-issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/magazine-issues?post=184023"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=184023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}