{"id":216805,"date":"2024-08-07T07:40:17","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T11:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/?p=216805"},"modified":"2024-08-05T14:17:06","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T18:17:06","slug":"of-mice-and-machine-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/2024\/08\/of-mice-and-machine-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Of Mice and Machine Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Don\u2019t dwell on what you don\u2019t know, advises Varun Chamarty \u201926 (ENG).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome people, they\u2019ll come up with an idea, and then they\u2019ll kill it in their own brain,\u201d says Chamarty, a pre-med rising junior studying biomedical engineering at UConn.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think the best way to begin is by just beginning. You have an idea. You run with it. Trial and error. See what works. See what doesn\u2019t work.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That, ultimately, is what all scientific research boils down to: An idea that you test, a hypothesis that you investigate, with the hope of learning, finding, or discovering\u2026something.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s what Chamarty has been doing this summer \u2013 testing an idea, just to see what happens, with the hope of contributing in some way to an active and growing field of study.<\/p>\n<p>Before he graduated from Farmington High School, Chamarty discovered his own interest in robotics and also took part in <a href=\"https:\/\/fpsct.org\/cutting-edge\/\">Cutting Edge<\/a>, a program that pairs high school students with graduate students at UConn Health, offering the opportunity to learn about things like biotechnology, bioinformatics, and other DNA-centric technologies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAdmittedly, it wasn\u2019t my thing,\u201d Chamarty says, but what did interest him was technology and research \u2013 neuroscience, in particular.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNeuroscience is so different from the rest of anatomy,\u201d he says. \u201cYou\u2019ll take an anatomy class, and if it\u2019s two semesters, you\u2019ll learn one semester about the whole body. And then, the other semester will be all about the brain, because there\u2019s so many things there. And there\u2019s even more that we don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And learning things about the brain is exactly what assistant professor <a href=\"https:\/\/health.uconn.edu\/spellman-lab\/\">Timothy Spellman\u2019s lab<\/a> does at UConn Health.<\/p>\n<p>As a first-year student, Chamarty found and applied to work in the Spellman Lab, which focuses on the physiological substrates of executive functioning within higher-order association areas of the brain. Executive functioning includes complex cognitive functions, like memory, self-control, and flexible thinking.<\/p>\n<p>But a large portion of the Spellman Lab\u2019s research is dedicated to another executive function \u2013 attention \u2013 and figuring what physiologically happens within the brain when someone\u2019s attention shifts.<\/p>\n<p>When we\u2019re watching something, then listening to something. Switching focus rapidly. Multitasking.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fTbK9ycGHu0?si=2e9KkUtYuAAKkkOP\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe reason we\u2019re looking at that is because those pathways are poorly understood as of now,\u201d Chamarty explains. \u201cSo, we\u2019re trying to figure out if there are consistent regions of the brain that are activating when doing that.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd that\u2019s interesting on a larger scope, clinically, because people with ADHD or schizophrenia, they have trouble doing that. If we\u2019re able to find that pathway, then we can treat it,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>In the Spellman Lab, mice perform tasks where their attention is shifted from one stimulus to another \u2013 one lickspout or another based on a certain signal, like a whisker stimulation or an odor stimulation \u2013 while the activity happening in their brain is monitored in real-time.<\/p>\n<p>For his project, though, Chamarty is bringing a new technology into the lab\u2019s mix: machine learning.<\/p>\n<p>A type of artificial intelligence, machine learning focuses on building computer systems that learn from data. Algorithms are trained to find relationships and patterns.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of experiments like those in the Spellman Lab, Chamarty\u2019s hope is that machine learning will help researchers make discoveries that they might otherwise not be able to see, using new tools to build on a growing body of neuroscientific research.<\/p>\n<p>While the mice perform their attention-related tasks, two digital cameras capture how they respond to the stimulus, how their attention shifts, and how their physicality changes. Do they twitch their whiskers a certain way? Is there a recognition pattern on their face?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe reason we\u2019re doing this is because we are trying to see if there is a correlation between brain activity and their facial expressions,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Based on years of academic experience and a body of peer-reviewed literature developed not only at UConn Health but also in labs around the world, Spellman and Chamarty suspect some relationships might be there. But they don\u2019t yet know if any correlations actually exist or what exactly they might be.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the nice thing about machine learning,\u201d he says. \u201cYou don\u2019t necessarily have to know what you\u2019re looking for. You can just see if there are patterns that show up.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He plans to match the machine learning findings against other data developed in the lab to see if any patterns found by the algorithms align with the brain-scan data from other experiments.<\/p>\n<p>While he says that, ideally, he\u2019d one day be able to write and publish about the techniques or the findings of his research, the work he\u2019s doing has had a much more immediate impact on him, personally.<\/p>\n<p>He\u2019s had to find his own way in the lab, something he says was daunting, at first.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn high school, there\u2019s a \u2018right answer,\u2019 or there\u2019s something you were assigned to do,\u201d he says. \u201cBut, I came in, on my first few days, and Tim was like, \u2018Here\u2019s your project. Good luck.\u2019 There\u2019s a lot of navigating that you have to learn how to do and, as a freshman, that was kind of new to me.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He didn\u2019t know anything about mice, very little about neuroscience, and had never done a project with machine learning.<\/p>\n<p>But his background in engineering \u2013 where he\u2019s asked to solve problems, often with little or no guidance on how to get there or what the answer might be \u2013 was an asset.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeing afraid of being wrong is something that kills a lot of people\u2019s motivation to do new things,\u201d Chamarty says. \u201cAnd I have kind of learned that I don\u2019t know anything, so why not? I came in knowing that I wouldn\u2019t know what I was doing, but knowing that I was willing to figure it out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He\u2019s still figuring out where he eventually wants to go. He\u2019s always thought his path was in medicine \u2013 he\u2019s also an EMT, so maybe emergency medicine, and he likes radiology.<\/p>\n<p>But in neuroscience, he\u2019s also found a way to apply his skills as an engineer.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s been nice, he says, to have a place like the Spellman Lab where he\u2019s been able to explore the worlds of both medicine and engineering as an undergraduate \u2013 and where he\u2019s been free to learn about a lot more than just the ways that mice twitch their whiskers, how machine learning might be applied in all sorts of research contexts as a tool for discovery, or what it all might mean for future medical breakthroughs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think that I\u2019ve learned a lot about resiliency,\u201d Chamarty says. \u201cYou don\u2019t always see what\u2019s ahead, and that\u2019s something you learn in research. I don\u2019t really know where it\u2019s going, but every day I come in, and I work toward something. Just doing that is exciting, because you don\u2019t know what you\u2019ll find.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s something I want to focus on more \u2013 not being so attached to the results, but enjoying the journey to get there and learning from that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Chamarty has received support for his research through grants from <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ugradresearch.uconn.edu\/hrp\/\"><em>UConn\u2019s Health Research Program<\/em><\/a><em> and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ugradresearch.uconn.edu\/surf\/\"><em>Summer Undergraduate Research Fund<\/em><\/a><em>. For more information about student research and funding opportunities available through the Office of Undergraduate Research, visit <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ugradresearch.uconn.edu\/\"><em>ugradresearch.uconn.edu<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Varun Chamarty \u201926 (ENG) hopes that machine learning will help researchers make discoveries that they might otherwise not be able to see, using new tools to build on a growing body of neuroscientific research<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":216815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_series":0,"wds_primary_attribution":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1866,2076,1868,2235,179,2227,2458],"tags":[],"magazine-issues":[],"coauthors":[2168],"class_list":["post-216805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-engr","category-research","category-meds","category-today-homepage","category-uconn-health","category-uconn-edu-homepage","category-undergraduates"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-03 12:28:48","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/users\/134"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=216805"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":216878,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216805\/revisions\/216878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media\/216815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=216805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=216805"},{"taxonomy":"magazine-issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/magazine-issues?post=216805"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=216805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}