{"id":85317,"date":"2013-10-29T08:31:34","date_gmt":"2013-10-29T12:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/?p=85317"},"modified":"2013-11-04T09:11:17","modified_gmt":"2013-11-04T14:11:17","slug":"not-quite-frankenstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/2013\/10\/not-quite-frankenstein\/","title":{"rendered":"Not Quite Frankenstein"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"James<\/a>
James Dixon, associate professor of psychology. (Sean Flynn\/UConn Photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Where can you watch a group of inanimate objects come together, form a cohesive structure, and start displaying what looks very much like organic behavior?<\/p>\n

You might say this sounds like a modern-day Frankenstein.<\/p>\n

But for a real-life example, you could visit the laboratory of psychologist James Dixon in Storrs, Conn.<\/p>\n

Dixon and his colleagues at the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences\u2019 Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action (CESPA) are building a research program around the idea that a lot can be learned about perception and action in living things from observing inanimate objects.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur observations suggest that matter that has become life has found some physical principle that we don\u2019t quite understand yet,\u201d says Dixon, associate professor of psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.<\/p>\n

He calls the concept \u201cradical,\u201d \u201cway out there,\u201d and \u201cpotentially transformative.\u201d<\/p>\n

And that\u2019s just what the National Science Foundation thought, too, when it awarded Dixon and his colleagues \u2013 a team of psychologists, physicists, chemists, and physical therapists \u2013 an $800,000 grant under the INSPIRE program: Integrated NSF Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education. The federal program supports work that doesn\u2019t fall under traditional scientific disciplines and involves particularly novel, think-outside-the-box research ideas.<\/p>\n

Dixon says that the diversity of living things capable of perception and action suggests that these abilities may have arisen through general physical principles that complex biological systems have exploited.<\/p>\n

The goal of his work is to understand how these principles that govern the flow of energy in simple nonliving systems can be scaled up to help explain behavior in living things.<\/p>\n

Metallic behavior<\/b><\/p>\n

The idea that physics and chemistry could somehow explain behavior is not new, says Dixon. Scientists as far back as the 1920s have been thinking about the flow of energy and matter through physical systems in ways that relate to the actions of organisms.<\/p>\n

Building on these ideas, Dixon and his colleagues have taken an approach that he calls a \u201cnew starting point\u201d for understanding perception and action that is based not in the complexities of biology, but in the principles of thermodynamics.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor more than a century, we have tried to understand action by studying systems that are immensely complex, with billions of years of evolutionary history,\u201d he says. \u201cBut what if you start from the ground up?\u201d<\/p>\n

With his collaborators at CESPA, Dixon has been using simple systems that he says display surprisingly complex behavior. For example, one experiment uses a handful of ball bearings sitting together in a petri dish filled with oil.<\/p>\n

[yframe url=’http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nxoZ0hHN12I&feature=youtu.be’]<\/p>\n

An electrical current applied to the system charges the ball bearings, which become attracted to one another and form a cohesive structure. But even though the energy flow is constant, the metal bits keep moving around and responding to their environment. These unpredictable movements, Dixon says, can be considered a rudimentary form of perception and action.<\/p>\n

With the new funding, his team hopes to build and observe increasingly complex nonliving systems that converge on the behaviors of the simplest organisms.<\/p>\n

Not quite Frankenstein<\/b><\/p>\n

Dixon makes very clear that the observations he and his team make can all be accounted for by physical principles.<\/p>\n

\u201cEverything we\u2019re doing is explainable at the local level, by the physical laws of nature,\u201d he says. The flow of energy and matter through systems is understandable in terms of physics and chemistry, he emphasizes.<\/p>\n

But the interesting things happen when objects, like the ball bearings, create unexpected organized structures.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are configurations that the ball bearings will and won\u2019t sit in,\u201d Dixon explains. \u201cThe system doesn\u2019t always end up the way we think it will \u2013 it doesn\u2019t always behave predictably.\u201d<\/p>\n

With his colleagues James Rusling of the Department of Chemistry; Tehran Davis, Bruce Kay, Claudia Carello, and Till Frank of the Department of Psychology; Jeff Kinsella-Shaw in the Neag School of Education\u2019s Department of Kinesiology; and Dilip Kondepudi, a chemist at Wake Forest University, Dixon wants to create a new field of study connecting biological phenomena, self-organizing systems, and the principles of thermodynamics.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s an additional layer here that hasn\u2019t been fully explained,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, the results of the project might inform a new type of engineering, in which a system self-organizes its perception and action to achieve goals.<\/p>\n

Moreover, Dixon says that this new line of research could help scientists understand the origin of life: how at some point in the history of the universe, matter that was nonliving organized itself and produced living organisms.<\/p>\n

But, he says with a laugh, there is absolutely no danger of a creating a Frankenstein in his laboratory.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe like to joke sometimes that the system is having \u2018a bad day\u2019,\u201d he says. \u201cBut at the end of the day we turn it off, and it turns off just fine.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A new research program will study the origins of biological behavior using nonliving things.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":84627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_series":0,"wds_primary_attribution":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2076,1,70],"tags":[],"magazine-issues":[],"coauthors":[63],"class_list":["post-85317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-uncategorized","category-video"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-10 07:55:01","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85317"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85323,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85317\/revisions\/85323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media\/84627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85317"},{"taxonomy":"magazine-issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/magazine-issues?post=85317"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/today.uconn.edu\/wp-rest\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=85317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}